What we know of as Western psychology began in the late 1880s as the fledgling discipline attempted to incorporate the scientific worldview (Hartelius, date unknown). During the previous century, in what was known as the Age of Reason, people’s relationship with God had been increasingly replaced with the idea of impersonal natural laws and with the belief that matter and mind were separate. Matter contained no intelligence, and the focus became on measuring and quantifying this inert substance – believing that this effort would uncover the secrets of the universe.
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